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Main characteristics of the executive organ of the state of Bangladesh

Describe the main characteristics of the executive organ of the state of Bangladesh

Every modern state has three basic pillars: executive, judiciary and legislature. 

What Executive Is

Executive is the part of a state that executes and enforces law. It exercises authority in and holds responsibility for governance of a state.

The type, nature, and powers entrusted with the executive branch of the government are governed by the constitution of a country. There are different models of executive e.g. parliamentary, presidential models. 

Executive of the State of Bangladesh

The very first constitution adopted in Bangladesh was the Proclamation of Independence which was subsequently replaced by the Constitution of Bangladesh 1972. The current constitution of Bangladesh have evolved through a series of amendments of the 1972 constitution. Bangladesh has followed both presidential and parliamentary models of executive throughout its history of about half a century.

Now, after the acceptance of the twelfth amendment of of the constitution, Bangladesh has a parliamentary executive. It has all the characteristics of a parliamentary system as specified under the 1972 constitution. The Cabinet of Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশের মন্ত্রিসভা – Bānglādēśēr Mantri'sabhā in Bengali) is the chief executive body of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. It is the collective decision-making body of the entire government under the Office of the Prime Minister. It consists of the Prime Minister and some 25 Cabinet Ministers, 7 Advisers, 18 State Ministers and 3 Deputy Ministers.

Image Source: Wikipedia

The main characteristics of the executive are as follows:

  • Fusion between the Executive and the Legislature: The same individuals who are parts of the executive are also participants in the law making process.

  • A Ceremonial Head of State in the Form of an Indirectly Elected President: The President cannot interfere with the office of the Prime Minister. The President acts like a mere constitutional head of state like the ceremonial position of the British Monarch. Overall, it seems that the President is almost subordinate to the Prime Minister in Bangladesh.

  • A Powerful Prime Minister: The leader of the majority party of the Jatiya Sangsad is the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister enjoys real executive power. He / she is aided by a council of ministers who are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. The ministers can hold office during a period at his/her pleasure. The power to dissolve the Jatiya Sangsad by the head of state also rests on the advice of the Prime Minister.

Moreover, the election of the President is held in such a way that one has to be nominated and approved by the Prime Minister to be elected.

Due to such dominance of the Prime Minister in the executive of Bangladesh, it is said that the executive in Bangladesh, at present, is overridingly Prime Ministerial.

Bangladesh has now adopted the parliamentary system of government. Here, the Cabinet is the ultimate decision-making body of the executive in traditional constitutional theory of Bangladesh.

Sources

Cabinet of Bangladesh- Wikipedia

Executive - Banglapedia

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